Unidad IV: PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE UN PÁRRAFO (b)

A HISTORY OF SYRINGES 

     The Collins English Dictionary defines a syringe as “an instrument such as a hypodermic syringe, or a rubber ball with a slender nozzle for use in drawing or injecting fluids, cleansing wounds, etc.” The Oxford English Dictionary has two listings and cites the first English literature reference in 1425 AD. It refers to John of Ardene’s treatment of fistulas. Later Copeland (1541) quotes Galen and refers to a brass syringe.

          In Roman times, nasal syringes were fairly common and had an outer metal case with a tow or flax plunger. In the 17th century English syringes were made from pewter or silver. The barrel and head were up to 20 cm long, suggesting rectal or vaginal use.

          John Moyle (1693) used wine in an ear syringe and Dominique Anel developed a suction syringe used for infected wounds. Larger syringes were used for irrigation. Almost all structures, including the lachrymal duct, were cannulated. In the mid 19th century a small syringe was developed. It had a screw arrangement, which permitted the release of a single drop. The first syringe patents by John and Frederick Weiss were taken out in 1824 and 1851 respectively. A stomach pump was patented by John Read (1760–1847). Read’s enema syringe was made of brass and had ivory attachments.
          19th.century novels suggest that the enema was taking a place in the lives of the healthy as well as the ill. There was an ingenious and wide variety of apparatus. Maw’s catalogue of 1868 offered 39 varieties of equipment for colonic irrigation, made of every material, and
some were extensively decorated. The smaller ones were made of brass, pewter, or glass, with a rubber or twine bound plunger. A silk covered rubber tube was supplied with an ivory plug for rectal irrigation or a rubber covered brass tube for the vagina. Larger varieties had an independent reservoir and worked as a brass pump. One introduced in 1830 was sold as
“Maw’s Domestic Medical Machine”.

Extraído del sito web de la Universidad de Adelaide, en Australia

véase: http://health.adelaide.edu.au/surgery/society/A%20history%20of%20syringes.pdf

Tipo de texto: narrativo y de definición

Marcadores de texto narrativo: se señalan en el texto a través de letras negrillas 

Marcadores en textos de definición:

• The Collins English Dictionary defines a syringe as “an instrument such as a hypodermic syringe, or a rubber ball with a slender nozzle for use in drawing or injecting fluids, cleansing wounds, etc.”

          Resumen

          El Collins English Dictionary define como jeringa a un instrumento que sirve para limpiar heridas, inyectar fluidos, etc. En los tiempos romanos las jeringas nasales eran bastante frecuentes, estaban hechas de exteriores de metal con un chupón de lino. En el siglo 17, las jeringas inglesas eran hechas de peltre o plata. En 1693 se desarrolló la primera jeringa de succión para tratar heridas infectadas. En el siglo 19, una jeringa más pequeña fue desarrollada, permitiendo así la liberación de una sóla gota. Las primeras patentes de jeringas fueron hechas por John y Frederick Weiss en 1824 y 1851 respectivamente. Luego John Read desarrolló una jeringa para enemas que estaba hecha de metal y partes de marfil. En 1868, el catálago de Maw ya ofrecía una variedad de 39 equipos especializados para la irrigación de colon. Ya en 1830 ya se vendía el "Maw’s Domestic Medical Machine" (la máquina médica doméstica de Maw).